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母乳的益處
母乳為寶寶的成長和發育所必需的所有營養成分, 包括各種宏量營養素(脂肪、碳水化合物和蛋白質)、微量營養素(維生素和礦物質)以及發育因子(長鏈多不飽和脂肪酸即LCPUFA、生長因子和細胞因子)。母乳還具有保護作用,可通過免疫球蛋白和抗感染蛋白質等減少感染。因此,建議在寶寶出生頭六個月以純母乳餵養,之後再添加輔食的基礎上母乳餵養至少一年。
宏量營養素
碳水化合物
蛋白質
微量營養素
母乳為寶寶提供脂溶性維生素、水溶性維生素、礦物質和微量礦物質等微量營養素,這些營養素都取決於媽媽的飲食。鈣和磷酸鹽雖然與產婦飲食攝入量無關,但卻是酪蛋白膠粒的主要成分,是骨礦化所需要的。母乳中的微量元素包括銅、鋅、鋇、鎘、銫、鈷、鈰、鑭、錳、鉬、鎳、鉛、銣、錫和鍶,僅在母乳中才具有高生物有效性。
細胞
研究摘要
參考文獻
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