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吸出母乳
促使媽媽吸乳的原因有很多。起初,有些媽媽要與寶寶分離,這使得媽媽難以每次都進行哺餵。而有的是因為嬰兒出生過早或存在吸吮-吞咽-呼吸反射協調問題而無法進行母乳餵養。媽媽也需要吸乳器來提高泌乳量,但更多的時候,是因為重返工作崗位以及靈活調整生活而需要吸出的母乳。無論是何種情況,瞭解循證方案輔助吸乳都是十分必要的。
吸乳前
在吸乳之前,建議吸乳媽媽用肥皂和水徹底清洗手部。減少吸乳時的細菌含量有助於減少儲存期間的細菌滋生問題。除手部清潔之後,未發現除日常衛生習慣之外的額外清潔乳房有任何益處。使用皮膚清潔劑清洗乳房與只用水清洗的殺菌效果類似,因此建議僅保持常規乳房衛生習慣即可。
吸乳
可用手或吸乳器進行吸乳。吸乳器的選擇要視預期吸乳頻率、時間限制、成本以及是否可供電而定。
當寶寶無法母乳餵養或無法有效吸出乳房母乳時,媽媽就需要幫助開始、建立和保持充足母乳供應。有效管理產後前兩周對於媽媽長期泌乳至關重要。以下干預措施對於媽媽在產後幾周內分泌充足母乳至關重要:
吸乳後
吸乳之後,根據使用說明進行清潔。
參考文獻
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Eteng, M.U., Ebong, P.E., Eyong, E.U. et al. Storage beyond three hours at ambient temperature alters the biochemical and nutritional qualities of breastmilk. Afr J Reprod Health 2001;5:130–134.
Hill, P.D., Aldag, J.C., Chatterton, R.T. Initiation and frequency of pumping and milk production in mothers of non-nursing preterm infants. J Hum Lact. 2001;17(1):9-13
Hill, P.D., Aldag, J.C., Chatterton, R.T., Zinaman, M. Comparison of Milk Output Between Mothers of Preterm and Term Infants: The First 6 Weeks After Birth. J Hum Lact. 2005 February 1, 2005;21(1):22-30.
Human Milk Banking Association of North America 2011 Best practice for expressing, storing and handling human milk in hospitals, homes, and child care settings (HMBANA, Fort Worth,( 2011).
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Morton, J., Hall, J.Y., Wong, R.J., Benitz, W.E. & Rhine, W.D. Combining hand techniques with electric pumping increases milk production in mothers of preterm infants. J Perinatol 29, 757-764 (2009).
Parker, L.A., Sullivan, S., Krueger, C. & Mueller, M. Association of timing of initiation of breastmilk expression on milk volume and timing of lactogenesis stage II among mothers of very low-birth-weight infants. Breastfeed Med (2015).
Prime, D.K., Garbin, C.P., Hartmann, P.E. & Kent, J.C. Simultaneous breast expression n breastfeeding women is more efficacious than sequential breast expression. Breastfeed Med 7, 442-447 (2012)(英語)。
Torowicz, D.L., Seelhorst, A., Froh, E.B., Spatz, D.L. Human milk and breastfeeding outcomes in infants with congenital heart disease. Breastfeed Med 10, 31-37(2015).