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新生兒母乳餵養
眾所周知,分娩和醫院實踐會影響早期母乳餵養體驗。分娩期間以及產後的頭幾個小時和幾天內存在壓力會影響泌乳 II 期(乳腺活化期)時間和長期泌乳的成功。乳腺活化期可解釋為開始分泌大量乳汁,由黃體酮降低而引起,大約在產後的兩到三天內下奶。此時,乳房完全分化並展現出功能性,並會有典型的“乳房充盈”感。乳腺活化期延遲(> 72 小時)的媽媽,其母乳餵養持續的時間較短,而且很有可能會短於泌乳啟動較早的媽媽。
母乳餵養早期
頻繁母乳餵養
醫院實踐
應開展員工培訓和實行循證哺乳方案。其中包括了解母乳餵養重要性的政策以及鼓勵提示性/按需哺餵、母嬰同室、免擾式母乳餵養,如果媽媽或寶寶存在問題,還可實施母乳餵養標準化管理。此外,應避免使用安撫奶嘴和補充品(除非醫囑)。出院以後,請與哺乳專業人士保持聯繫並尋求持續幫助,這非常重要。
研究摘要
參考文獻
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Hopkinson, J., Schanler, R. & Garza, C. Milk production by mothers of premature infants. Pediatrics 81, 815-820 (1988).
Parker, L.A., Sullivan, S., Krueger, C., Kelechi, T. & Mueller, M. Effect of early breast milk expression on milk volume and timing of lactogenesis stage II among mothers of very low birth weight infants: a pilot study. J Perinatol 32, 205-209 (2012).
Parker, L.A., Sullivan, S., Krueger, C., & Mueller, M. Association of timing of initiation of breastmilk expression on milk volume and timing of lactogenesis stage II among mothers of very low-birth-weight infants. Breastfeed Med (2015).